Solving the World’s Toughest CFD Problems

Water and Environmental Bibliography

Aerospace Bibliography

The Aerospace Bibliography collects peer-reviewed research and technical presentations focused heavily on propellant management in cryogenic and low-gravity environments, including sloshing dynamics, tank pressurization, phase separation, and capillary-driven flow in vane-type tanks, alongside spacecraft thermal analysis and attitude control interactions with onboard fluid motion. All papers in this section feature FLOW-3D results.



68-26 Emilio Gordon, Logan Walters, Nathan Andrews, Allen Prasad Varghese, Additional evaluations of gas phase effects on slosh dynamics with commercial codes, AIAA SciTech Forum, 2026. doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-2381

30-26 Ashish Kumar Shakya, Mike Fogel, Gopintha Pillai, Laurent Burlion, Soham Chakrabarty, Spill-free liquid container handling using deep reinforcement learning agents in feedback control, Applied Intelligence, 56; 62, 2026. doi.org/10.1007/s10489-025-07041-9

187-25 Alp Kalıpçılar, Numerical investigation and dynamic modelling of sloshing in a liquid propellant launch vehicle, Thesis, Middle East Technical University, 2025.

134-25 Nan Miao, Bin Li, Jiajun Yan, Zhanhe Liu, Jing Wang, Composite equivalent modeling of large-amplitude liquid sloshing in non-axisymmetric tanks, Physics of Fluids, 37.7; 2025. doi.org/10.1063/5.0267604

89-25 Jiawei Huo, Jing Lyu, A data-driven equivalent modeling approach for large-amplitude liquid sloshing under microgravity environment, Advances in Astronautics, 8; pp. 47-59, 2025. doi.org/10.1007/s42423-025-00172-8

9-25 Gregory Zimmerli, David Fischer, Marius Asipauskas, Carol Kory, Scott Metzger, Andrew O’Connor, Adam Rice, Results from the radio frequency mass gauge technology demonstration on the intuitive machines Nova-C lunar lander, AIAA Scitech Forum, 2025. doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-0959

157-24 Michael Fogel, Snigdha Sushil Mishra, Laurent Burlion, Nanosatellite design considerations for a mission to explore the propellant sloshing problem, Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, 2024. doi.org/10.2514/1.A35871

5-24 Yiming Sun, Hanwen Deng, Xinyu Liu, Xiaoming Kang, Simulation of liquid cone formation on the tip apex of indium field emission electric propulsion thrusters, Plasma Science and Technology, 2024. doi.org/10.1088/2058-6272/ad0d5b

208-23   Jason Hartwig, Narottama Esser, Shreykumar Jain, David Souders, Allen Prasad Varghese, Angelo Tafuni, CFD modeling of bidirectional PMDs inside cryogenic propellant tanks onboard parabolic flights, Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, 2023. doi.org/10.2514/1.A35808

26-23   Jason Hartwig, Narottama Esser, Shreykumar Jain, David Souders, Allen Prasad Varghese, Angelantonio Tafuni, CFD design and analysis of a perforated plate for the control of cryogenic flow under reduced gravity, AIAA Scitech Forum, 2023. doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-0133

78-22   Timothy Aaron Blackman, Propellant optimization for a pulsed solid propellant thruster system for small satellites, Thesis, Florida Institute of Technology, 2022.

10-22   Nathan F. Andrews, Shane B. Coogan, Ellen Smith, Oliver Ouyang, Stephen Reiman, Brian Pincock, Bryan Munro, A three-dimensional, quick-running analysis method for large amplitude liquid slosh and bulk fluid motion in flight vehicles, AIAA Scitech Forum, AAIA 2022-0071, 2022. doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-0071

98-21   Pengxiang Hu, Zhihua Zhao, Shutao Yang, Yaoxiang Zeng, Feng Qi, Study on equivalent sloshing mass locations for liquid-filled cylindrical tanks, Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, 2021. doi.org/10.2514/1.A35098

62-20   Zhang Dazhi, Meng Li, Li Yong-Qiang, Numerical simulation analysis of liquid transportation in capsule-type vane tank under microgravity, Microgravity Science and Technology, 32.3; 2020. doi.org/10.1007/s12217-020-09811-1

107-19   Martin Konopka, Extension of a standard flow solver for simulating phase change in cryogenic tanks, Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, 33.3; 2019. doi.org/10.2514/1.T5546

79-19   Baotang Zhuang, Yong Li, Jintao Liu, and Wei Rui, Numerical simulation of fluid transport along parallel vanes for vane type propellant tanks, Microgravity Science and Technology, 32; pp. 129-138, 2019. doi.org/10.1007/s12217-019-09746-2

54-19   Robert E. Manning, Ian Ballinger, Manoj Bhatia, and Mack Dowdy, Design of the Europa Clipper propellant management device, AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2019 Forum, Indianapolis, IN, USA, August 19-22, 2019: Proceedings, 2019. doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-3858

48-19   Lei Wang, Tian Yan, Jiaojiao Wang, Shixuan Ye, Yanzhong Li, Rui Zhuan, and Bin Wang, CFD investigation on thermodynamic characteristics in liquid hydrogen tank during successive varied-gravity conditions, Cryogenics, 103; 102973, 2019. doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2019.102973

1-18 Martin Konopka, Extension of a standard flow solver for simulating phase change in cryogenic tanks, 2018 AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting, AIAA 2018-1818, 2018. doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-1818

64-17 Shane Coogan, Grant Musgrove, Preliminary analysis method for large amplitude liquid slosh in air-launched space launch vehicles, 53rd AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference, AIAA 2017-5006, 2017. doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-5006

69-16 Philipp Behruzi, Francesco De Rose, Coupling sloshing, GNC and rigid body motions during ballistic flight phases, Propulsion and Energy Forum, 52nd AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference, 2016.

55-16 Martin Konopka, Peter Noeding, Jörg Klatte, Philipp Behruzi, Jens Gerstmann, Anton Stark, Nicolas Darkow, Analysis of LN2 filling, draining, stratification and sloshing experiments, 46th AIAA Fluid Dynamics Conference, AIAA 2016-4272, 2016. doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-4272

95-15 D. Frank, Control of fluid mass center in the Gravity Probe B space mission Dewar, Classical and Quantum Gravity, 32.22; 224011, 2015. doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/32/22/224011

55-15 Sebastian Schmitt, Michael E. Dreyer, Free surface oscillations of liquid hydrogen in microgravity conditions, Cryogenics, 72.1; pp. 22-35, 2015. doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2015.07.004

53-15 Jeffrey Moder, Kevin Breisacher, Preliminary simulations of the ullage dynamics in microgravity during jet mixing portion of tank pressure control experiments, 51st AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference, AIAA 2015-3853, 2015. doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-3853

52-15 Philipp Behruzi, Diana Gaulke, Joerg Klatte, Nicolas Fries, Adam Butt, Development of the MPCV ESM propellant tanks, 51st AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference, AIAA 2015-4157, 2015. doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-4157

51-15 Grant Musgrove, Shane Coogan, Validation and rules-of-thumb for computational predictions of liquid slosh dynamics, 51st AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference, AIAA 2015-4076, 2015. doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-4076

29-15 Masanobu Toyoda, Hiroki Kusumoto, Kazuo Watanabe, Intrinsically safe cryogenic cargo containment system of IHI-SPB LNG tank, IHI Engineering Review, 47.2; pp. 27-33, 2015.

28-15 Yongqiang Li, Mingzhu Hu, Ling Liu, Yin-Yin Su, Li Duan, Qi Kang, Study of capillary driven flow in an interior corner of rounded wall under microgravity, Microgravity Science and Technology, 27; pp. 193-205, 2015. doi.org/10.1007/s12217-015-9435-z

23-15 Eckart Fuhrmann, Michael Dreyer, Steffen Basting, Eberhard Bänsch, Free surface deformation and heat transfer by thermocapillary convection, Heat and Mass Transfer, 52; pp. 855-876, 2016. doi.org/10.1007/s00231-015-1600-9

9-15 Zhicheng Zhou, Hua Huang, Constraint surface model for large amplitude sloshing of the spacecraft with multiple tanks, Acta Astronautica, 111; pp. 222-229, 2015. doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2015.02.023

43-14 C. Ludwig, M.E. Dreyer, Investigations on thermodynamic phenomena of the active-pressurization process of a cryogenic propellant tank, Cryogenics, 63; pp. 1-6, 2014. doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2014.05.005

40-14 M. Berci, S. Mascetti; A. Incognito, P. H. Gaskell, V. V. Toropov, Dynamic response of typical section using variable-fidelity fluid dynamics and gust-modeling approaches—with correction methods, Journal of Aerospace Engineering, 27.5; 2014. doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000336

22-14 M. Lazzarin, M. Biolo, A. Bettella, M. Manente, R. DaForno, D. Pavarin, EUCLID satellite: Sloshing model development through computational fluid dynamics, Aerospace Science and Technology, 36; pp. 44-54, 2014. doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2014.03.015

75-13 Carina Ludwig, Michael Dreyer, Analyses of cryogenic propellant tank pressurization based upon experiments and numerical simulations, 5th European Conference for Aeronautics and Space Sciences, 2013.

49-13 Damien Theureau, Barbara Busset, Henri Bavestrello, Louis Dandaleix, Sebastien Tanguy, Jean Mignot, Jerome Maureau, Integration of low g sloshing models with spacecraft attitude control simulators, AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control (GNC) Conference, 2013. doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-4961

44-13 Philipp Behruzi, Jörg Klatte, Gaston Netter, Passive phase seperation in cryogenic upper stage tanks, 49th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference, 2013. doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-3905

43-13 Philipp Behruzi, Jörg Klatte, Nicolas Fries, Andreas Schütte, Burkhard Schmitz, Horst Köhler, Cryogenic propellant management sounding rocket experiments on TEXUS 48, 49th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference, 2013. doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-3904

113-12 M. Lazzarin, M. Biolo, A. Bettella, R. Da Forno, EUCLID mission: theoretical sloshing model and CFD comparison, 48th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit, 2012.

34-12 N. Fries, P. Behruzi, T. Arndt, M. Winter, G. Netter, U. Renner, Modelling of fluid motion in spacecraft propellant tanks – sloshing, Space Propulsion 2012, 2012.

55-11 P. Behruzi, F. de Rose, P. Netzlaf, H. Strauch, Ballistic phase management for cryogenic upper stages, DGLR Conference, 2011.

11-11 Philipp Behruzi, Hans Strauch, Francesco de Rose, Coasting phase propellant management for upper stages, 38th COSPAR Scientific Assembly, 2010.

73-10 Amber Bakkum, Kimberly Schultz, Jonathan Braun, Kevin M. Crosby, Stephanie Finnvik, Isa Fritz, Bradley Frye, Cecilia Grove, Katelyn Hartstern, Samantha Kreppel, Emily Schiavone, Investigation of propellant sloshing and zero gravity equilibrium for the Orion Service Module propellant tanks, 20th Annual Wisconsin Space Conference, 2010.

35-10 Kevin Breisacher, Jeffrey Moder, Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of jet mixing in tanks of different scales, NASA/TM-2010-216749, 2010.

21-10 M. Berci, S. Mascetti, A. Incognito, P.H. Gaskell, V.V. Toropov, Gust response of a typical section via CFD and analytical solutions, V European Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics, ECCOMAS CFD 2010, 2010.

49-08 Rolf Krahl; Jens Gerstmann, Philipp Behruzi, Eberhard Bänsch, Michael E. Dreyer, Dependency of the apparent contact angle on nonisothermal conditions, Physics of Fluids, 20; 042101, 2008.

35-07 N. Fries, K. Odic, M. Dreyer, Wicking of perfectly wetting liquids into a metallic mesh, 2nd International Conference on Porous Media and its Applications in Science and Engineering, ICPM2, 2007.

08-07 Gary Grayson, Alfredo Lopez, Frank Chandler, Leon Hastings, Ali Hedayat, James Brethour, CFD modeling of helium pressurant effects on cryogenic tank pressure rise rates in normal gravity, 43rd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit, AIAA 2007-5524, 2007.

34-06 Philipp Behruzi, Mark Michaelis, Gaël Khimeche, Behavior of the cryogenic propellant tanks during the first flight of the Ariane 5 ESC-A upper stage, 42nd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit, 2006.

12-06 G.D. Grayson, A. Lopez, F.O. Chandler, L.J. Hastings, S.P. Tucker, Cryogenic tank modeling for the Saturn AS-203 experiment, 42nd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit, AIAA 2006-5258, 2006.

29-02 O. Bayle, V. L’Hullier, M. Ganet, P. Delpy, J.L. Francart, D. Paris, Influence of the ATV propellant sloshing on the GNC performance, AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit, 2002.

42-01 C. Figus, L. Ounougha, Correlations between neutral buoyancy tests and CFD, Spacecraft Propulsion, Third International Conference, ESA SP-465; p. 547, 2001.

24-01 Hiroshi Nishino, Shujiro Sawai, Katsumi Furukawa, Prediction of sloshing dynamics in spinning spherical tanks, ISAS 9th Workshop on Astrodynamics and Flight Mechanics, 1999.

5-96 D. J. Frank, Dynamics of superfluid helium in low-gravity: a progress report, Proceedings of 1996 NASA/JPL Microgravity Low Temperature Physics Workshop, 1996.

7-95 G. D. Grayson, Coupled thermodynamic-fluid-dynamic solution for a liquid hydrogen tank, Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, 32.5; 1995.

5-94 G. Ross, Dynamics of superfluid helium in low gravity, Thesis, Stanford University, 1994.

9-93 N. H. Hughes, Numerical stability problem encountered modeling large liquid mass in micro gravity, AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference, 1993.

8-93 G. D. Grayson, J. Navickas, Interaction between fluid-dynamic and thermodynamic phenomena in a cryogenic upper stage, 28th AIAA Thermophysics Conference, AIAA-93-2753, 1993.

7-93 G. Grayson, E. DiStefano, Propellant acquisition for single stage rocket technology, 29th AIAA/SAE/ASME/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit, AIAA-93-2283, 1993.

6-93 Y. Letourneur, J. Sicilian, Propellant reorientation effects on the attitude of the main cryotechnic stage of Ariane V, 29th AIAA/SAE/ASME/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit, 1993.

9-91 G. P. Sasmal, J. I. Hochstein, M. C. Wendl, T. L. Hardy, Computational modeling of the pressurization process in a NASP vehicle propellant tank experimental simulation, 27th AIAA/SAE/ASME/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference, AIAA 91-2407, 1991.

8-91 M. F. Fisher, G. R. Schmidt, J. J. Martin, Analysis of cryogenic propellant behavior in microgravity and low thrust environments, 27th AIAA/SAE/ASME/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference, 1991.

15-90 T. L. Hardy, T. M. Tomasik, Prediction of the ullage gas thermal stratification in a NASP vehicle propellant tank experimental simulation using FLOW-3D, NASA Technical Memorandum 103217, 1990.

6-90 J. Navickas, P. Y. Cheng, Effect of propellant sloshing on the design of space vehicle propellant storage systems, 26th AIAA/SAE/ASME/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference, 1990.

1-90 S. M. Dominick, J. R. Tegart, Fluid dynamics and thermodynamics of a low gravity liquid tank filling method, 28th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting, AIAA-90-0509, 1990.

9-89 S. Lin, D. K. Warinner, FLOW-3D analysis of pressure responses in an enclosed launching system, PVP ASME Conference, Symposium on Computational Experiments, 1989.

1-89 J. Navickas, E. C. Cady, J. L. Ditter, Suspension of solid particles in the Aerospace Plane’s slush hydrogen tanks, PVP ASME Conference, Symposium on Computational Experiments, 1989.

11-88 J. Navickas, Prediction of a liquid tank thermal stratification by a finite difference computing method, 24th AIAA/ASEE/ASME/SAE Joint Propulsion Conference, 1988.

10-88 J. Navickas, Space-based system disturbances caused by on-board fluid motion during system maneuvers, 1st National Fluid Dynamics Congress, 1988.

9-88 J. Navickas, E. C. Cady, T. L. Flaska, Modeling of solid-liquid circulation in the National Aerospace Plane’s slush hydrogen tanks, McDonnell Douglas Astronautics Co., 1988.

3-88 J. M. Sicilian, C. W. Hirt, Nozzle/case joint analysis using FLOW-3D, NASA-TWR-17788, 1988.

5-87 J. J. Der, C. L. Stevens, Liquid propellant tank ullage bubble deformation and breakup in low gravity reorientation, 23rd AIAA/SAE/ASME/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference, AIAA-87-2021, 1987.

3-87 J. Navickas, J. Ditter, Effect of the propellant storage tank geometric configuration on the resultant disturbing forces and moments during low-gravity maneuvers, 1987 ASME Winter Annual Meeting, MDAC H2589, 1987.

1-87 J. J. Der, C. L. Stevens, Low-gravity bubble reorientation in liquid propellant tanks, 25th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting, AIAA-87-0622, 1987.

7-86 J. Navickas, C. R. Cross, D. D. Van Winkle, Propellant tank forces resulting from fluid motion in a low-gravity field, ASME Winter Annual Meeting, 1986.

6-86 J. Navickas, C. R. Cross, Some typical applications of the HYDR3D code, FLOW-3D Experience Conference, 1986.

5-86 R. E. Martin, Effects of transient propellant dynamics on deployment of large liquid stages in zero-gravity with application to Shuttle-Centaur, 37th Annual Astronautical Congress, IAF-86-119; Acta Astronautica, 15.6/7; pp. 331–340, 1987.

6-85 John I. Hochstein, Computational prediction of propellant motion during separation of a Centaur G-Prime vehicle from the Shuttle, NASA Report WU/CFDL-85/1, 1985.

4-85 T. W. Eastes, Y. M. Chang, C. W. Hirt, J. M. Sicilian, Zero-gravity slosh analysis, ASME Winter Annual Meeting, 1985.

3-84 J. M. Sicilian, C. W. Hirt, Numerical simulation of propellant sloshing for spacecraft, ASME Winter Annual Meeting, 1984.

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